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Description of a
Fourth-Century Baptism
The early church provides us with a wonderful example of
the rich use of symbolism and of the importance that they placed on baptism.
Here is a narrative describing what it might have been like for them.
Demetrius was convinced that Jesus was the only path to
salvation three years ago. Since then, he has gone through a long series of
instruction and questions, and now at last at the age of twenty he is ready to
enter the full and final stage of his spiritual journey. He has been attending
the service of the Word faithfully for that whole time, and has proven his
sincerity and change of heart by doing good to the poor, the fatherless, and the
widow. And he has entered into the last phase of his pre-baptismal training,
culminating now on Easter Sunday.
Demetrius and his sponsor have fasted since Thursday, and
now on Saturday night they join with all the others who will be baptized to
begin the all-night vigil. Women sit on right side of the room, and the men on
the left. The bishop reads to them from the Holy Scriptures and explains what
the procedure will be on Sunday morning. They all pray, recite the Creed, and
shiver in the early morning hours.
Since before sunrise, the church has already gathered to
join in the vigil for these who are being baptized. They are gathered in the
main church room, worshiping and interceding while here in another room the
bishop, sponsors, deacons, deaconesses and catechumens are preparing for God’s
work of washing of rebirth and renewal in the Holy Spirit.
Now, shortly before sunrise, a large sheet goes up, and
the bishop raises a hood over his head and says simply, "Remove your clothes."
Silently Demetrius and the others comply; they know that they come to Christ
with nothing of their own.

As the faint light of dawn begins to appear in the small
windows above them, the door is opened to the baptistery, and for the first
time, Demetrius and the others see the inside of the circular room. It is
brightly lit with the golden illumination of lamps and candles, and the walls
are ornately decorated in gold, in mosaic, and with illustrations and symbols
depicting what is about to happen. Saints look upon these who will soon join
their ranks, alternating with images of doves and flames, with jewels embedded
in gold, which cover the brilliantly glowing walls. Demetrius looks up and sees
stars painted on the domed ceiling, and an image of Jesus being baptized by John
in the center of the top. You can see the Lord most clearly when you are laying
down, and Demetrius knows that that he will be doing just that when he becomes
like his Lord in His own holy burial.
First the children, and then the women, and then the older
men are immersed in order, one at a time. In the meantime, a deacon is covering
Demetrius with oil, which will be washed off in the water momentarily.
At last the moment has arrived, and Demetrius, like those
before him, steps forward toward the west side of the baptismal pool. For one
final time, he is invited to turn around and face behind himself. As he was
instructed to do, he raises his finger and points, as if looking an enemy in the
face, and says with a loud voice, "I renounce you, Satan!" He spits on the
ground and turns around to enter the font.
The pool is built into the ground, so Demetrius walks down
a set of tile steps to enter it. Another set of steps leads up the other side.
Demetrius will never again go back from the way he came in here. Gladly he
notices that the water has been warmed, and the robed deacon smiles and reaches
out a helping hand to bring him to the center. Oil from Demetrius’ skin spreads
across the surface of the water as he enters. The pool itself is in the shape of
a cross, and Demetrius now stands in the center of it, the deacon facing him in
the nook on his right. To Demetrius’s left, water flows from a lion’s mouth and
into the font. The bishop, hooded and robed, stands on the dry floor above and
behind the deacon to Demetrius’ right, and they both are facing toward the east.
The sun has nearly risen as the bishop begins a set of three questions.

"Do you believe in God the Father, Maker of heaven and
earth?"
"I do!" shouts Demetrius, and he is grabbed and plunged
backwards under the water.
The process is repeated after the questions, "Do you
believe in Jesus Christ, His only begotten Son?" and "Do you believe in the Holy
Spirit, who came from the Father?"
As Demetrius comes out of the water for the third time,
the sun has risen and begins to break through the window high on the eastern
wall. The room lights up with the brilliance of the sunshine on the gold western
wall. Demetrius is helped up the steps and draped in a new white robe. Perfumed
oil is poured generously over his head, running down his hair and his face and
soaking into the robe, filling the room with the rich scent of the promised Holy
Spirit.

Back in the main room, the church is standing and singing
loudly a joyful "Alleluia!" of the resurrection hymn. The doors are opened from
the baptistery and the side room, and all of the newly baptized are escorted
into the midst with the Loaf and Cup at the head of their procession, and all
sing together, "He is Risen! Alleluia!" This is the part of the assembly to
which Demetrius and this group of neophytes has never been a witness. Until this
morning, they had been dismissed before the kiss of peace and the Holy Feast,
but now they are practically mobbed with kisses and tearful embraces and
greetings of "The peace of the Lord be with you!"
And now they join in on the prayers that they had only
studied about but never seen in person. The loaf is elevated and broken and
offered up as the Body of Christ. Water is poured into the cup, with wine, and
is blessed with thanksgiving to be the Blood of the Lamb. And first in line to
receive the gifts are the newly baptized. Demetrius is given bread, and reminded
that it is "The body of Christ, Bread of Heaven, which takes away the sins of
the world." This is the first morsel of food Demetrius has had for four days,
and he relishes the depth of how Christ has fed his long-hungry soul. He drinks
from the chalice, reminded that it is "The Blood of Christ, blood of the New
Covenant, which is for your forgiveness." The fruit of the vine flows down
deeply, warming and quenching his long-parched thirst.
Demetrius is now given a second chalice; this one of
water. And then a third, of milk mixed with honey. Truly he is now washed clean
and is dwelling in the Promised Land. And the young disciples’ long-awaited
Sabbath rest in the Kingdom of heaven has only begun. |